European settling in America Essay Example for Free

European settling in America Essay The discovery of the Americas was one of the biggest events in history. But some tend to look over the fact that the discovery of the Americas led also to the discovery of Native American groups who were already settled here. So did the Europeans really have the right to settle in the Americas? The Europeans had every right to settle in the Americas. They had this right because no nation or form of government had been established here. If a nation or government had been established, then it would be a different story. The problem with the Native Americans was that they were so sparsely spread out around the Americas. If they had all been in one large area things possibly could have gone better for them than they did. The Europeans did have every right to settle in the Americas, but they had absolutely no right to dispossess Indians of their land. The Indians had settled here years and years before the discovery of the Americas by the Europeans. The Indians had somehow ventured over to the Americas, just as the Europeans had done, and made a home here. Europeans had no right to take that away from them. The Europeans should have been more compassionate towards the Native Americans. They should have respected the fact that they had settled here first, but human pride got in the way and they wanted what they couldnt have. The Europeans lied, cheated , and stole from the Indians making for a very confrontational accommodation. This is not the way they should have gone about this. Many things could have been done to aid in a more peaceful accommodation. First and foremost, the Europeans could have settled anywhere else in the Americas, whereas it is very large with plenty of land. If they really wanted the specific land the Indians were on they could have coincided with them. They could have lived in peace amongst each other. The two cultures could teach other new things, and help one another. If this still didnt work, the Europeans could have peacefully negotiated with the Indians, no violence or deceit involved. Sadly, the Europeans hearts werent in the right place when they came across the Indians, and most of the Europeans wanted the Indians gone or exterminated. As Christians, we are supposed to help others and be compassionate. Had the Europeans approached the Indians with this mindset things could have been done more peacefully between the two cultures.

Analysis of Richard Adams Watership Down :: essays research papers

Briefly tell us what this book is about (without giving away the ending, of course!). This book is about black people and white people. The black people are crosses and rule over the white noughts or 'blankers'. Callum, a nought grows up with Sephy, whose father is the leader of a strong political party. Their 2 families hate each other, and Sephy and Callum begin to fall in love- dangerous, considering one is a nought and one is a cross. How does the title relate to the storyline? Noughts and crosses are the two classes of people, noughts are white people and crosses are black people Is there something interesting that the author does to present the story? Malorie Blackman cleverly writes it like a diary, but sometimes Sephy is speaking and sometimes Callum is speaking. If you could rewrite the story, what would you change to make it better? I couldn't make it better! Why would you recommend (or not recommend) this book to a friend? Its different, clever, quirky, makes me feel like crying! Its really amazing, and I would definately recommend it to any teenager. Why did you choose to read this particular book? My friend recommended it to me- I wasn't too impressed by what she said about it, but when I read it I was like wow! I read it really really quickly, and I couldn't wait for the sequel Knife Edge to come out! Complete this sentence: When I finished reading the last page of this book, I felt... Excited, I can't wait to read the sequel. What type of reader do you think this book is appropriate for? I think any teenager would love this book- if you don't like it you're wierd!! The ending is really really sad, and you expect some miraculous esape, but it doesn't happen! I don't think this book is suitable for anybody under 11. The length doens't matter because you don't do anything else except read it! When you've read this book- make sure you read the sequel Knife Edge, and then the climax of the triolgy Checkmate. Give at least one example of a memorable quote, moment, or theme from the book.

Research Essay Argumentative Essay About Palestine and Israel

Researched Argument Essay — Written Assignment 6 Due: Sunday, December 2, 5:00 p. m. ineLearndropbox ***NO LATE SUBMISSIONS WITHOUT A WRITTEN EXCUSE*** For your next written assignment, I’m going to ask you to write aargument paper, using outside sources, on a topic of your choice. I encourage you to write about the same topic you chose for Written Assignment 5. Your textbook discusses argument in detail in Chapter Ten. General Instructions: 1. You should construct an argument that develops and supports an argumentative thesis; 2.Your thesis should 1. state your subject, 2. state your position or your central claim, and 3. name your three reasons; 3. Your essay should have FIVE (5) paragraphs – an introduction with your argumentative thesis, three body paragraphs (one for each reason), and a conclusion; 4. You should use and incorporate at least five (5)outside sources in your essay, and at least one source should not be an internet-only source (e. g. , website) and one source should be a book-length work; 5.You should document your sources within the text and also in a Reference Page according to APA (American Psychological Association) specifications; 5. Establish a clear thesis statement or main idea in your opening; 6. Develop your thesis/main idea by creating a logical organization of ideas, by using well-structured paragraphs and specific and relevant details,and by crafting clear sentences; 7. Use a consistent and appropriate point of view; and 8. Follow standard practices in spelling, punctuation, and grammar.

The Effects Of Substance Abuse And Mental Health - 2223 Words

A recent study by the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute: School of Medicine and Public Health named Hamilton County, Indiana (IN) as the best county in the state regarding socioeconomic status and health. The high school graduation rate is 92% compared to 87% overall in IN. The violent crime rate is 48 per 100,000 while the state rate was 329. The median household income is $88,429 compared to $46,954. Despite all the positive things about Hamilton County, health concerns and access to certain health care needs still exist. Substance abuse and mental health disorders are of primary concern here and there is not always adequate access to resources for treatment; in fact, the ratio of the population to mental health providers was less in Hamilton County than the average across the state. Individuals cannot always access providers because of financial constraints as well; 10% of people reported not having adequate access to food in the last year and 7% could not s ee a physician due to cost (University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute: School of Medicine and Public Health, 2014). There is also a trend among Hamilton County parents to not vaccinate their children; this has led to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases in the area. Substance abuse and mental health disorders and not utilizing vaccines are issues that also plague our nation and contribute to crime, motor vehicle accidents, disability and an inability to work, and deaths byShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Drug Abuse1228 Words   |  5 PagesToday, drug abuse has become a controversial subject where various individuals have different views. Substance abuse is a substantial dilemma among people and easily spread in schools, work environments, and even in homes. Drug abuse starts in utterly reasons, but can begin in adolescence with peer pressure or friends using them, family environment that has violent, physical, or emotional abuse, and inherited genetics with me ntal health conditions as depression, anxiety, or ADHD (National InstituteRead MoreEssay Drug Abuse and Mental Health 1194 Words   |  5 PagesSubstance abuse complicates almost every aspect of care for the person with a mental disorder. When drugs enter the brain, they can interrupt the work and actually change how the brain performs its jobs; these changes are what lead to compulsive drug use. Drug abuse plays a major role when concerning mental health. It is very difficult for these individuals to engage in treatment. Diagnosis for a treatment is difficult because it takes time to disengage the interacting effects of substance abuseRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act And The Substance Abuse And Mental Health Service Administration?786 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance abuse has been a known topic which has not been recognized and fully treated the way it should. Unlike general medicine, substance abuse treatments have their own facility and services apart from general settings, mak ing it harder to get the recognition and the assistance needed to help the individuals in need. Both the Affordable Care Act and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (SAMHSA), which is a part of the US Department of Health and Human Services have promotedRead MoreEffects Of Urbanization1616 Words   |  7 Pagescloser together. Generally urbanization tends to have a positive effect on the nations that undergo it, by allowing them to grow economically and industrially. However, one commonly overlooked effect of urbanization is its effects on the mental health of those that live in the cities it builds. Urban settings generally tend to add many stressors to one’s daily lifestyle and these new stressors could lead to a multitude of mental health problems. Examples of this have been seen since the beginning ofRead More Treating Concurrent Disorders Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pages Mental health is being aware, accepting yourself, and striking a balance in all aspects of your life like social, spiritual, physical, economical, and mental (Association, 2001). Mental health can be described as our positive interactions with the context and events in our life, and having the ability to cope with life’s stressors. Mental health problems can begin at anytime during your life (CAMH, 2010). In fact anything can make it difficult for an individual’s ability to interact effectivelyRead MoreThe Design Of The Antipsychiatry Coalition1203 Words   |  5 Pagestreatment (Antipsychiatry, 2015). The â€Å"Antipsychiatry Coalition† website mainly assists people who feel that harm and pain has been inflicted on them as a result of them suffering from a psychiatric condition. In most cases, people usually associate mental illnesses such as psychosis with complete lack of knowledge of one’s autonomous being (Hochwà ¤lder, 2013). Consequently, mentally ill patients as well as those placed in psychiatric facilities are often branded as zombies (Hochwà ¤lder, 2013). ThereforeRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Its Effects On The United States1050 Words   |  5 Pages4000 B.C. narcotics were used, but during the 19th century is when the active substances in drugs were found. Many of these substances were given over the counter and weren t regulated, which meant that people could easily obtain substances such as morphine, cocaine, landuam, and many others. During the early 1900s, an estimate of about 250,000 people were abusing a substance within the United States. Substance abuse is a serious problem which can affect one s physical and psychological capabilitiesRead MoreThe Health Care System As A Whole951 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe the effect of the issue/topic on the health care system as a whole. Drug abuse is an illness of the brain, and it has a negative impact on the body system. It weakens the immune system making is difficult for the body to fight diseases. Drug use also affect other organs of the body which includes the heart, liver kidney and the brain. This illness can cause paranoid, aggression, impaired judgment, hallucination and suicidal ideations. The statistics available shows that annual number ofRead MoreSelf Help For Individuals With Co Occurring Mental Health And Substance Use Disorders1601 Words   |  7 PagesSelf Help for Individuals with Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders Over five million adults in the United States (U.S.) have a co-occurring substance use disorder and serious psychological distress (Magura, 2008). Dealing with substance abuse is never easy and it’s even more difficult when an individual is also struggling with mental health problems (Timko, Sutkowi, Cronkite, Makin-Byrd Moos, 2011). Co-occurring disorders can affect each other making both disordersRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Overdose Deaths1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe crisis of drug addiction in teens and young adults has increased from 2012. According to a 2014 drug report, there has been an increase of 200% over the past five years in substance abuse mainly due to prescription medications (New Jersey Task Force). Furthermore, prescription medications may lead to other substance abuse problems. For instance, many youths turn to opiates and heroin which are less expensive than prescription medications to satisfy their addiction. In addition, opium is obtained

The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien - 1154 Words

The novel The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien begins by Mr. OBrien describing his dramatical events that happened during the middle of his Vietnam experience while he was fighting in the war. Mr. OBrien received his draft notice in the month of June in the year of 1968. When he received this notice Mr. OBrien had feelings of confusion, and that drove him to go north to the Canadian border, and it had him contemplating if he wanted to cross it or not because he does not want to be forced to fight in a war he really does not believe in. However, Mr. OBrien finally decides that he would feel guilty if he avoided the war and he also feared that his family would be disappointed. Not only does this novel tell us readers about his†¦show more content†¦Azar is a young and unstable soldier who constantly feels the need to do brutal acts. For example, the dog Ted Lavender adopted he strapped it to a claymore mine and activated the detonator, and he also instigated Tim OBrien to get revenge on Bobby Jorgenson. However, like most of the other soldiers Azar finally breaks down his emotional barrier and he reveals that he acts that way for a defense mechanism. Each of the soldiers has a different background and that helps better explain their situation and it makes the reason for their actions clearer. These soldiers had things that they carried along with them and these things were determined by necessity, and each necessity defined the persona of the characters in the novel and in reality. For example, Among the necessities the war required were P-38 can opener, pocket knives, heat tabs, wristwatches, dog tags, mosquito repellent, chewing gum, candy, cigarettes, salt tablets, packets of Kool-Aid, lighters, matches, sewing kits, Military Payment Certificates, C rations, and two or three canteens of water. Together, these items weighed between 12 and 18 pounds. Along with the war necessities certain individuals also carried something along with them that molded their character and formed as a necessity to them. For instance,Show MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried by Tim Obrien1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe War at Home The Things They Carried, by Tim O’Brien, transports the reader into the minds of veterans of the Vietnam conflict. The Vietnam War dramatically changed Tim O’Brien and his comrades, making their return home a turbulent and difficult transition. The study, titled, The War at Home: Effects of Vietnam-Era Military Service on Post-War Household Stability, uses the draft lottery as a â€Å"natural experiment† on the general male population. The purpose of the NBER (National Bureau of EconomicRead MoreThe Things They Carried by Tim O’brien1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien Plot: 1. RISING ACTION †¢ In the summer of 1968, Tim O’Brien receives a draft notice. Despite a desire to follow his convictions and flee to Canada, he feels he would be embarrassed to refuse to fulfill his patriotic duty and so concedes to fight in Vietnam. CLIMAX †¢ During their tour of duty, the men of the Alpha Company must cope with the loss of their own men and the guilt that comes from killing and watching others die. FALLING ACTION †¢ After he returnsRead MoreThe Things They Carried by Tim OBrien1156 Words   |  5 PagesIn Tim O’Brien’s novel, â€Å"The Things They Carried,† imagination is seen to be both beneficial and harmful. This novel consists of a story truth and a real truth. Tim O’Brien writes the book about the Vietnam War based primarily on his memory of the war. He does not remember every detail of the war, thus he makes up some false details to make the story seem more interesting. He does not only describe his own experiences, but also describe the experiences of other characters. He wants the readers toRead MoreThe Things They Carried by Tim OBrien793 Words   |  3 PagesIn the novel, The Things They Carried, by Tim O’Brien there is an ambiguity assigned to the life of a soldier in the Vietnam war, an ambiguity that represents no clear moral victor, no clear heroes, and seemingly no end. In the movie, Platoon, written and directed by Olive r Stone, the same ambiguity is depicted, with no clear moral direction, no clear heroes, and no clear resolution. In the short story, â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story,† O’Brien talks in great detail about how a true war story, andRead MoreThe Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien550 Words   |  2 Pagespersonnel documents are in order. These are just a few items that need to be checked off of a to-do list, or inventory if you will. In â€Å"The Things They Carried† by Tim O’Brien, the main character, First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross, runs through a series of events that he had his squad carried, both on their person and in their minds. â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about Cross and the soldiers under him and their activities in Vietnam during the war. The story begins with Cross introducing the objectRead MoreThe Things they Carried by Tim OBrien529 Words   |  2 PagesIn the story The Things They Carried Tim O’Brien didn’t mention anything about traditional war heroes. I think this was a great idea, because there are no traditional war heroes. A traditional war hero is someone who is fearless and someone who can’t be harmed mentally or emotionally. But in The Things They Carried the soldiers out on the front lines were emotionally and physically scarred. Tim O’Brien didn’t write about traditional war heroes, O’Brien wrote about normal people, people with differentRead More The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien580 Words   |  2 Pagesbook, The Things They Carried, author Tim O’Brien tells the captivating story of soldiers and everything they ha d to go through during the Vietnam War. He tells of the many things that change a person during a war and what helped many to get through it. One of the main things that helped them to get through was women. While women did not play a huge role in this book, they did play a very important role. Women were the†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Martha was the lady that Lieutenant Jimmy Cross loved. He carried letters andRead MoreOverview: The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien1510 Words   |  7 Pages The Things They Carried is a novel written by Vietnam Veteran Tim O’Brien. The Vietnam War took place between 1955 and 1975. Most of the soldiers fighting were young teenage men around the age of eighteen and nineteen years old. Like O’Brien many of these young men were pulled away from their families and life to fight a war they didn’t approve of or even know about. This had a strong affect on most of these men and O’Brien uses different ways to show how the Vietnam War affected them both physicallyRead MoreThe Things They Carried by Tim OBrien580 Words   |  2 Pagesdaydreaming and felt the pain of Lavenders death. He came to realize he was to blame for the death of Ted Lavender. Lieutenant Jimmy Cross’ mind was mixed with the emotions of both Martha and the death of Ted Lavender. While Lavenders body was being carried to the chopper, all Lieutenant Cross could think about was Martha. He was thinking about how he loved her more than anything, even more than his men. He believed Ted Lavender was dead because he loved Martha so much and could not stop thinking aboutRead MoreThe Things They Carried’ by Tim O’Brien Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pages‘The Things They Carried’ by Tim O’Brien provides a insider’s view of war and its distractions, both externally in dealing with combat and internally dealing with the reality of war and its effect on each solder. The story, while set in Vietnam, is as relevant today with the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan as it was in the 1960’s and 1970’s in Southeast Asia. With over one million soldiers having completed anywhere from one to three tours in combat in the last 10 years, the real conflict might

The 95 Theses By Martin Luther - 982 Words

For this essay, I chose the 95 Theses by Martin Luther as my primary source. This primary source is a historical document that cause major uproars throughout Europe. The 95 Theses were written by Martin Luther in October of 1517. The 95 Theses were ninety-five statements written by Martin Luther in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church. They challenged the common practices of the Catholic Church, including indulgences and the authority of the pope. The 95 Theses sparked a theological debate that fueled the Reformation in Europe. I chose this primary source, because I feel like this is one of the most important and most well-known documents in history. In our class, reformation Europe, this is a great document because this document played†¦show more content†¦Peter’s Basilica. Then on October 31, 1517 it is speculated that Martin Luther nailed the 95 Theses on the front doors of a university door. The reason for the massive spreading of the 95 Theses is because of th e printing press. The printing press quickly spread the document throughout Germany. This was the start of what is known as the German Reformation. Martin Luther was eventually excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church. Luther would always refuse to take back what he has said in his documents against the Roman Catholic Church. At the Edict of Worms, Martin Luther was declared a heretic and made him a wanted man. Martin Luther is one of the most important figures of the medieval Europe. This may be another reason the 95 Theses and other doctrines spread so well throughout Europe. The Roman Catholic Church was ringing Martin Luther’s names all throughout the public’s ears. The old saying â€Å"any publicity is good publicity† applies in this situation. People could see that Martin Luther was onto something. The 95 Theses were put into vernacular so that anyone could read them for their selves. He gave a voice to many people that would never have a voice and s poke out against the corruptions of the Roman Catholic Church. He gave way to reform throughout the church. Martin Luther and the 95 Theses also gave way to his own form of religion called Lutheranism.Show MoreRelatedTurning Point in History ~Martin Luther and the 95 Theses2529 Words   |  11 PagesProtestant Reformation: Martin Luther’s 95 theses Kaitlin Alexander Senior Division Historical Paper The sixteenth century, known as the Renaissance, was a time of momentous change in Europe. This time period impacted the World in many ways including the arts, music, literature, science, and religion; however religion made the biggest impact to the culture (MacCulloch, 107,2). Religion was integral to every part of the culture; the image of Christ was the focal point its paintings, the ChurchRead MoreMartin Luther : A Father Of The Protestant Reformation1462 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Luther: A Father of the Protestant Reformation During the 16th century, many people began to question the doctrine and practices of the Catholic Church. The church was selling indulgences (forgiveness) to release people from their debt of sin. The higher positions held in the church were being sold to those who would pay the most money. The clergy’s greed and thirst after money essentially divided the church between the peasants and clergy. One man disagreed with the actions of the CatholicRead MoreMartin Luthers Life and Teachings Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pages Martin Luther was a Christian theologian and an Augustinian monk. He was born on November 10, 1483 to Hans and Margaretha Luder in Eisleben, Germany. The day after his birth he was baptised on the day of the St. Martin of Tours. Martin’s father wanted more for his youngest son so he did everything he could to get his son involved in the civil service and bring honor to their family. His father sent him to various schools in Mansfeld, Magdeburg, and Eisena ch. In 1501, at the age of seventeen, MartinRead MoreMartin Luther And The Catholic1550 Words   |  7 Pagestransformation, but Martin Luther is one of the more significant figures. This paper is about how Martin Luther, a catholic German Monk, played a substantial role in influencing the religion of that time and initiated the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther affected the Catholic Church, which was the major religion in Europe at the time, with his deep-seated beliefs on indulgences and how you can find your own salvation without aid of the Catholic Church or the Pope. After Martin Luther was tried atRead MoreDid Erasmus Lay the Egg Luther Hatched732 Words   |  3 PagesDid Erasmus lay the egg that Martin Luther hatched?, this is such a complex question. One would have to take into consideration that Luther and Erasmus did not think to keenly of each other, and disagreed on many factors. Especially with one being of the catholic faith and the other reforming against Catholicism and protesting against the pope himself. Even though they both had their differences, they did both conclude that there was something wrong with the catholic church and therefore DesideriusRead MoreMartin Luther Argumentative Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesof events triggered by one priest, Martin Luther. (Schilling) Although some historians all ege that Martin Luther’s theology was reactionary due to its roots in medieval Christianity, his beliefs that the hierarchy of the church was unnecessary and that salvation was achieved through faith demonstrates that he was a revolutionary who triggered vast reforms to the Roman Catholic monopoly which had all the religious and political power. The revolutionary Martin Luther, who postulated that God had calledRead MoreMartin Luther s Life And Accomplishments1595 Words   |  7 PagesHeidi Mouton December 1, 2015 English 3 AP Period 2 Martin Luther Research Paper Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, Germany on November 10, 1483. Lutheran father, Hans Luther was of peasant decent. Though he did have minors successes in mining and ore smelting. Hans wanted his son to have a better life by being a lawyer. At the age of seven Martin started school in Mansfield. At the age of 14 he went north to Magdeburg, where he continued his studies. Then again in 1498, he movedRead MoreTaking a Look at Lutheranism1032 Words   |  5 Pagesto explain the Lutheran Church and how it came to be. Martin Luther, a German monk, known to many as the â€Å"Father of Reformation† did not initially or intentionally, start the Lutheran religion. However, his teachings became the cornerstone of what is known today as the Lutheran Religion. Marting Luther was born in Germany in 1483, became a monk, got ordained in 1507 then began to teach at the University of Wittenberg. Even though Martin Luther was ordained in the Catholic Church he became torn asRead MoreThe German Reformer Martin Luther930 Words   |  4 Pages The German reformer Martin Luther was the first and greatest figure in the sixteenth-century Reformation. An author of commentaries on Scripture , theology, and priestly abuses, a hymnologist (writer of hymns [sacred songs]), and a preacher, from his own time to the present he has been a symbol of Protestantism (group of Christian faiths that do not believe in the supremacy of the pope, but in the absolute authority of the Bible). Luther had an intriguing c hildhood with his father, a majorRead MoreThe Most Important Results Of The Reformation994 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant results of the Reformation Era is the Martin Luther 95 theses. Another really important results that impacted the Reformation Era is religion. Religion is really significant back then because of how powerful God or God’s were. These two reasons are what made the most significant impact in the history of the Reformation Era. Martin Luther 95 theses was one of the most important results of the Reformation Era. Martin Luther came up with 95 theses that secured the church door in Wittenburg

Treaty Of Functioning Of The European Union-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Treaty Of Functioning Of The European Union? Answer: Introduction: The subject matter of the case is based on the facts regarding the provisions of the Treaty of Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and certain initiatives have been taken to identify the relevant provision of the facts. It is to be pointed out that what are the reasons behind the change of focus of the EU commission from protection of competition to the safeguarding consumer welfare. It is to be understood the meaning of the competition and the relation of the same with the consumer welfare. In general, it has been observed that the competition is a process through which the companies use to offer certain goods and services to the consumers. Competition helps to reduce the cost of the goods and facilitate the services regarding the same. There are certain treaties implemented to regulate the competition within the provinces of the European Union and among all the treaties, Treaty of Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) is one of the most important in this case. The subject o f the case is evolved with two provisions of the treaty that are Article 101 and Article 102. Objectives regarding both the Articles are to restrict all the steps that are taken to close the chance of competition in the consumer related matters [1]. The European Union commission has the right to deal with the provisions of the treaty. There are certain reasons that taking place in recent times regarding the transferring of focus from the protection of competition to the safeguards consumer welfare. It has been decided by the commission that the most important thing is to protect the interest of the consumers. The Treaty of Functioning of European Union was for the first time generated in the year 1957 in Rome and the then name of the treaty was European Economic Community[2]. Later on 2007, the treaty was known as Treaty of Functioning of European Union. The treaty is divided into seven parts. The base and the value of the treaty are discussed in the first part. It consists of 17 Articles. The second part of the treaty delivers its views regarding the non-discrimination and certain steps have been taken for the interest of the nation as well as the European Union. Policies and the internal actions of the European Union are being discussed in the third part of the treaty. The consumer related matter has been discussed in the third part of the Treaty[3]. Article 101 of TFEU Article 101 is a prohibitory section that restricts the market operators who wanted to stop the competitive mentality [4]. It has been stated by the European Union that competitive mentality is important to retain the growth in market and it is held that the market operators are contracting agreements by two ways. When the agreements are being made in between the actual and potential competitors, that is known as the horizontal agreement and when in the agreement process, different types of firms are engaged, it becomes known as vertical agreement. The provision of Article 101 creates effect in the internal market area. Certain provisions are being mentioned under this Article to restrict all the attempts made for the prohibition of competition. It has been mentioned under the Article that the undertakings and the decisions that are directly or indirectly inflicting the theories of competition has to be prohibited [5]. This is the provision regarding the internal marketing policy of European Union. The member states are restricted to take any kind of steps that will be an obstacle regarding the competition in the market. There should not be any dissimilarity regarding the transactions with the other trading parties and it should be bored in mind that certain supplementary obligations are to be imposed on the cartels. It has also been stated under the Article that if there is any decisions choose against the objective of the treaty shall be made void automatically. The objective of the Article is to provide relief to them who are affecting by the anti-competitive behavior. The European Union has taken such steps to avoid the complexion in the market policies. It is stated by the European Union that it is important to maintain a clarity regarding the internal marketing policies and retain economic efficiency in the markets. Article 102 of TFEU The main aim of the Article is to prevent those who have a dominant mentality and want to abuse the process of market. It has been alleged that the private sectors are trying to reduce the competitive mentality and avoid the monopolistic character of the market. This dominant mentality has been found in the sectors of the firm base. It has been stated by the Article that from the report of the market analyst that the dominancy regarding the marketing policies are high in number. Certain processes are taking for the reduction of the topics for the betterment of the society. The word market is playing an important role in the field of the European Union[6]. The markets are divided into two parts such as product market and geographical market. In the present case, it has been stated that the consumers are the most important part of the competition market. It has been mentioned under the Article 102 that there is a need to establish the competition in the private sector. If there is no competitive mentality in the private firm, then the price of the goods will become unfair immature, the production process of the goods will become limited in nature. Therefore, the applicability of these two Articles becomes necessary to maintain systematic approach in the marketing section. Court of justice Court of Justice governs the law related problems for the continents of the European Unions. It is the highest court for the provinces of the European Union. The main objective of the court is to implement and interpret the law and apply the same for achieving the ultimate purpose [7]. In the year 1952, Court of Justice was established in Luxembourg. All the EU-based disputes are to be resolved by the Court of Justice. The court is to be composed with the Judge, President, Vice-president, Advocates general, the Registrar, and Chambers. All the competition related matters are dealing by the parliamentary committees and it is to be stated that the committees are divided into two parts. The economic and the monetary policies are deals by the European parliament ECON committee and IMCO committee is dealing with the internal market and consumer protection. The Court of Justice ensures the interpretation and application of the competition law and prescribes certain steps to regulate the re levant laws across the EU. the steps of the Court of Justice has created significant effect on the European and deliver all the steps regarding the effectiveness of the competition law. Protection of competition Meaning Competition provokes many companies that are engaged with the process of providing goods and services to the consumers and helps to continue the rapid growth regarding the marketing policies. The concept of competition is one of the much debated topics regarding the controlling market policies and implementation of the same[8]. Therefore, there is a necessity to protect the provisions of the competition to secure the interest of the society and the consumer as well and the priority of the market is also to be enlightened through this. Article 101 to 109 of the TFEU has discussed about the provisions regarding the rules regarding competition and its effects on the markets. There are certain provisions regarding the prohibition of the anti- competitive agreements. The concept of the competition policies is to be unprotected due to many reasons such as the dominancy of the private firms and the restrictive provisions taken by the internal market cartels. The European Union has taken an attempt, by implementing several treaties to protect the competition policies. Objective The main objectives of the competition policies are to restrict the cartels, which are tried to prohibit the competition policies. It is to be stated that if there is no protective policies taken for the security of the competition policies, the price of the goods will be at hike. A linear mentality has been observed in the private sectors and a dominant mentality has been grown up within the society. The benefits of the competition are wide in nature and therefore, there is a necessity to implement the policies in the every stages of the society. An effort has been made to implement the policies regarding the transport, energy and telecommunication department and the objective of the same is to control the unfair advantage. The aim of the competition policies is to promote the general economic welfare to secure the interest of the consumers. Development Among the most success stories of the European Union, competition policy are most significant in nature[9]. All the member states of the European Union have a lean over the delegation of the competition policies. The development regarding the competition policies has been started after certain treaties had been passed to secure the market policies. Certain law has been passed to protect the interest of the internal market policies and it has been stated by the Court of Justice that the principles of the competition policies are important to follow up. Certain reformatory steps had been taken in the area of merger control and antitrust. The impact of the competition rules are developed with two dimensions[10]. The first part consists of certain set of rules for the betterment of the competition policies. The second dimension has certain external effect and the outcome of the same creating impact on the European business and consumers. The developments regarding the competition policie s are positive in nature and therefore, the European Union has become the leading jurisdiction regarding the anti-trust matters. Challenges: It is true that the competition policies have made a huge success since many years and the aftermath effect of the same leads the European Union in its highest peak in the internal markets. However, over some times, the policy has to face certain challenges regarding the consumer affairs and the political environment has become conservative in nature. Certain provisions that are engraved in the Article 102 of the treaty have been contained excessive pricing catalogue. It is important to regulate the price policies as the interest of the consumers are very much affected by the price policies. In the recent situation, regulatory interventions are taking the place of the competition policies. The reason behind the same can be the potentiality of the regulatory intervention than the competition policies. EU commission The European Union Commission is an institution of the European Union. It is solely responsible for upholding the EU treaties and managing the everyday business of the Union [11]. It operates from its headquarters located at Brussels, Belgium and also from Luxemburg. The researcher has highlighted on the role of the mentioned administrative body in protecting the rights of the individuals [12]. Consumer protection has been regarded as one of the top agendas of the commission since the last decade. Earlier the commission was much dedicated in creati9ng a global as well as a local market for the different goods and services of the member states. However, the paradigm shift of the new and challenging market conditions have forced the Commission to shift its focus into protecting the consumer rights of the individuals. The charter of fundamental rights and the European treaties such as the single European Act guarantee a high level of protection for the customers in the European Union. T he legislation constructed by the European Commission guarantees consumers; Fair treatment The products that meets the standard guidelines of the European Commission There is a clause in the legislation which ensures the right to redress if something or the other goes wrong The European Commission takes certain steps to secure the rights of the consumers. There are number of policies that determine the safety of the food, safety of the products and the protection of the information. All the consumer related products and the other products that are imported and exported in and from the EU premises must abide by the specific rules as because failure to follow the specific rules that will attract penalties and seizures. Safeguarding consumer welfare Meaning The European legislation formulated by the European Commission has formulated a clear and transparent consumer protection policy to protect the interests of the customers. The consumers and marketing legislation of the country have concentrated on protecting the economic interests of the consumers. The following can be defined as the set of laws that helps to curb the unfair consumer and commercial practices that are practiced by different organizations in and outside Europe. This may be in the form of misleading advertisements, problems in consumer contract laws [13]. The commission looks after these false and misleading advertisements and ensures that the consumers are not flown away by such wrong advertisements. The European Union Consumer Laws consists of some key legislative initiatives namely; The directive that are involved in assessing the unfair terms of the contract- The legislation prepared by the European Commission has a special directive that comes to the rescue of the customers who may be victims of unfair terms in the consumer contracts of the organization. The directive related to consumer rights- The protection of the consumer rights is one of the main objectives that is outlined in the legislation. The directive ensures the protection of the consumer in both demographic respect and also contracts negotiated away from the business premises as well as in respect of other aspects of consumer contracts. The directives are also applicable on doorstep selling and other forms of selling like online selling and phone selling. The directive related to sales and guarantees- The following directive covers certain aspects that relates to the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees. Objective As mentioned earlier the formulation of different articles and laws by the European Commission since the last decade has had the sole aim and objective to protect the interest of the customers inside the European Union[14]. Articles 101 and 102 of the European Commission legislation forms the legal basis for establishment of different measures that are aimed at the creation and the control of the internal market within the European Union. The act ensures a detailed security arrangement including the already mentio0ned consumer protection and updating the law with new developments that are based on scientific facts. The main objectives of the Articles are; Directly or indirectly fix the purchase or the selling prices or any other trading conditions. Sharing the sources of supply or the markets Applying the same conditions to equal transactions with the other trading parties Making the conclusion of contracts subject to the acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which are based on commercial usage and have no connection with the subject of the mentioned contracts[15]. Some of the Sectoral measures of the European Union Commission are; Consumer Groups Consumer Education Consumer Information Enforcement of the consumer rights Importance Some of the key factors that makes the European legislation one of the most important are; Protects the interests of the consumers Helps the consumers to select the right product Helps to increase the quality of goods and services in the European zone It ensures transparency which curbs any sort of menace while serving the consumers It provides the customers with efficient and healthy products It ensures the growth of the market The Legislation is designed in an appropriate way and to regulate and control the market Upgrading the policies and maintain the standard guidelines is one of the key tasks of the legislation process Conclusion Therefore, from the above named discussion, it is to be understood that the Treaty regarding the foundation of the European Union has delivered certain procurement regarding the implementation of the policies on competition matter[16]. There are certain treaties implemented to regulate the competition within the provinces of the European Union and among all the treaties, Treaty of Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) is one of the most important in this case[17]. The subject of the case is evolved with two provisions of the treaty that are Article 101 and Article 102. Article 101 is a prohibitory section that restricts them the market operators who wanted to stop the competitive mentality. Competition provokes the various companies that are involved in the process of providing goods and services to the consumers and helps to continue the potential growth regarding the marketing policies. Article 101 to 109 of the TFEU has discussed about the provisions regarding the rules of comp etition and its effects on the markets. The European legislation formulated by the European Commission has formulated a transparent consumer protection policy to secure the interests of the customers. It has been observed later that the European Union has shifted its mentality from the protection of competition law to safeguards of the consumers. One of the main reasons behind the same is that there are certain loopholes have been cropped up regarding the competition policies. It is a fact that the competition policies had provided many opportunities to the European Union and therefore, it is important to implement necessary steps to lubricate the way of the competition policies and intervention of the Court of Justice is important in this regard. References Baker, Jonathan B., and Steven C. Salop. "Antitrust, competition policy, and inequality."Geo. LJ Online104 (2015): 1. Bourgeois, Jacques. "Competition policy: the poor relation in the European Union free trade agreements."The European Union in the world: essays in honor of Marc Maresceau. Martinus Nijhoff, 2014. 381-397. Buonanno, Laurie, and Neill Nugent.Policies and policy processes of the European Union. Palgrave macmillan, 2013. Crouch, Colin. "Introduction: labour markets and social policy after the crisis."Transfer: European review of labour and research20.1 (2014): 7-22. Hix, Simon.What's Wrong with the Europe Union and How to Fix it. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Jones, Alison, and Brenda Sufrin.EU competition law: text, cases, and materials. oxford university Press, 2016. Kaczorowska-Ireland, Alina.Competition Law in the CARICOM Single Market and Economy. Routledge, 2014. McCormick, John.Understanding the European Union: a concise introduction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. McLean, Melanie.The Hidden Cost of Cheap Food: A Critical Account of Competition Law and Supermarket Dominance. Diss. Macquarie University, Faculty of Arts, Macquarie Law School, 2014. Nugent, Neill.The government and politics of the European Union. Springer, 2017. Smith, Karen E.European Union foreign policy in a changing world. John Wiley Sons, 2013. Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. Weatherill, Stephen.EU consumer law and policy. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013. Whish, Richard, and David Bailey.Competition law. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015 [1] Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. [2] Nugent, Neill.The government and politics of the European Union. Springer, 2017. [3] Bourgeois, Jacques. "Competition policy: the poor relation in the European Union free trade agreements."The European Union in the world: essays in honor of Marc Maresceau. Martinus Nijhoff, 2014. 381-397. [4] Nugent, Neill.The government and politics of the European Union. Springer, 2017. [5] McCormick, John.Understanding the European Union: a concise introduction. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. [6] Smith, Karen E.European Union foreign policy in a changing world. John Wiley Sons, 2013. [7] Whish, Richard, and David Bailey.Competition law. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015 [8] Jones, Alison, and Brenda Sufrin.EU competition law: text, cases, and materials. oxford university Press, 2016. [9] Crouch, Colin. "Introduction: labour markets and social policy after the crisis."Transfer: European review of labour and research20.1 (2014): 7-22. [10] Smith, Karen E.European Union foreign policy in a changing world. John Wiley Sons, 2013. [11] Hix, Simon.What's Wrong with the Europe Union and How to Fix it. John Wiley Sons, 2013. [12] Jones, Alison, and Brenda Sufrin.EU competition law: text, cases, and materials. oxford university Press, 2016. [13] Weatherill, Stephen.EU consumer law and policy. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013 [14] Crouch, Colin. "Introduction: labour markets and social policy after the crisis."Transfer: European review of labour and research20.1 (2014): 7-22. [15] McLean, Melanie.The Hidden Cost of Cheap Food: A Critical Account of Competition Law and Supermarket Dominance. Diss. Macquarie University, Faculty of Arts, Macquarie Law School, 2014. [16] Whish, Richard, and David Bailey.Competition law. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. [17] Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015.